Python 初学教程

# 字符串
first_name = "Bro"
food = "pizza"
email = "Bro123@gmail.com"
 
print(f"你好 {first_name}")
print(f"你喜欢 {food}")
print(f"你的邮箱是: {email}")

# 整数
age = 25
quantity = 3
num_of_students = 30
 
print(f"你 {age} 岁了")
print(f"你正在购买 {quantity} 件商品")
print(f"你的班级有 {num_of_students} 名学生")

# 浮点数
price = 10.99
gpa = 3.2
distance = 5.5
 
print(f"价格是 ${price}")
print(f"你的绩点是: {gpa}")
print(f"你跑了 {distance}公里")

# 布尔值
is_student = False
for_sale = False
is_online = True
 
if is_online:
    print("你在线")
else:
    print("你离线")

user_name = "Yuuniji"
year = 2025
pi = 3.14
is_admin = True
 
print(f"用户名: {user_name}")
print(f"当前年份: {year}")
# 保留两位小数
print(f"圆周率: {pi:.2f}")  
# 将布尔值转换为'是'或'否'
print(f"管理员状态: {'是' if is_admin else '否'}") 

name = "Yuuniji"
age = 25
gpa = 3.2
is_student = True
# print(type(name))
 
gpa = int(gpa) # 3
age = float(age) # 25.0
 
age = str(age)
age += "1" # "251"
 
name = bool(name) # True

name = input("你叫什么名字?: ")
age = int(input("你多大了?: "))
# age = int(age)
age = age + 1
 
print(f"你好 {name}!")
print("生日快乐")
print(f"你 {age} 岁了")

length = float(input("输入长度: "))
width = float(input("输入宽度: "))
area = length * width
 
print(f"面积是: {area}平方厘米")
# Mac 上标2: Command + Control + Space, 在搜索栏中输入"上标"或"2"。或者 Option + v

item = input("你想买什么?: ")
price = float(input("价格是多少?: "))
quantity = int(input("你想要多少?: "))
total = price * quantity
 
print(f"你已购买 {quantity} 个 {item}")
print(f"你的总价是: ${total}")

adjective1 = input("输入一个形容词(描述): ")
noun1 = input("输入一个名词(人、地点、物品): ")
adjective2 = input("输入一个形容词(描述): ")
verb1 = input("输入一个以'ing'结尾的动词: ")
adjective3 = input("输入一个形容词(描述): ")
 
print(f"今天我去了一个{adjective1}的动物园。")
print(f"在一个展览中,我看到了一只{noun1}")
print(f"{noun1}很{adjective2}并且在{verb1}")
print(f"我感到{adjective3}!")

friends = 10
 
friends = friends + 1
friends += 1
friends = friends - 2
friends -= 2
friends = friends * 3
friends *= 3
friends = friends / 2
friends /= 2
friends = friends ** 2
friends **= 2
remainder = friends % 3

x = 3.14
y = 4
z = 5
 
result = round(x) # 3
result = abs(y) # 4
result = pow(4, 3) # 4*4*4=64
result = max(x, y, z) # 5
result = min(x, y, z) # 3.14

import math
 
x = 9
y = 9.1
z = 9.9
 
print(math.pi) # 3.141592653589793
print(math.e) # 2.718281828459045
result = math.sqrt(x) # 3.0
result = math.ceil(y) # 10
result = math.floor(z) # 9

# C = 2πr
import math
 
radius = float(input('输入圆的半径: ')) # 10.5
 
circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius
 
print(f"周长是: {round(circumference, 2)}厘米") # 65.97

# A = πr²
import math
 
radius = float(input('输入圆的半径: ')) # 10.5
 
area = math.pi * pow(radius, 2)
 
print(f"圆的面积是: {round(area, 2)}平方厘米") # 346.36

# c = √(a²+b²)
 
import math
 
a = float(input("输入边 A: ")) # 3
b = float(input("输入边 B: ")) # 4
 
c = math.sqrt(pow(a, 2) + pow(b, 2))
 
print(f"边 C = {c}") # 5.0

age = int(input("输入你的年龄: "))
 
if age >= 100:
    print("你太老了,无法注册")
elif age >= 18:
    print("你现在已注册!")
elif age < 0:
    print("你还没出生呢!")
else:
    print("你必须年满18岁才能注册")

response = input("你想要食物吗? (Y/N): ")
 
if response == "Y":
    print("给你食物!")
else:
    print("没有食物给你")

name = input("输入你的名字: ")
 
if name == "":
    print("你没有输入你的名字!")
else:
    print(f"你好 {name}")

for_sale = True
 
if for_sale:
    print("该物品正在出售")
else:
    print("该物品不出售")

online = False
 
if online:
    print("该用户在线")
else:
    print("该用户离线")

# or
temp = 25
is_raining = False
 
if temp > 35 or temp < 0 or is_raining:
    print("室外活动已取消")
else:
    print("室外活动仍在进行")

# and
temp = 20
is_sunny = True
 
if temp >= 28 and is_sunny:
    print("今天天气炎热☀️")
    print("多喝水🥛")
elif temp <= 0 and is_sunny:
    print("今天天气寒冷❄️")
    print("多穿点衣服🧥")
elif 28 > temp > 0 and is_sunny:
    print("今天天气不错👍")

# not
temp = 25
is_sunny = True
 
if temp >= 28 and not is_sunny:
    print("今天天气炎热☀️")
    print("多喝水🥛")
elif temp <= 0 and not is_sunny:
    print("今天天气寒冷❄️")
    print("多穿点衣服🧥")

num = 5
a = 6
b = 7
age = 13
temperature = 25
user_role = "admin"
 
print("正数" if num > 0 else "负数")
result = "偶数" if num % 2 == 0 else "奇数"
max_num = a if a > b else b
min_num = a if a < b else b
status = "成人" if age >= 18 else "未成年"
weather = "炎热" if temperature > 20 else "寒冷"
access_level = "完全访问" if user_role == "admin" else "有限访问"

name = input("输入你的全名: ")
 
# result = len(name)
# result = name.find("o")
# result = name.rfind("q")
# name = name.capitalize()
# name = name.upper()
# name = name.lower()
# result = name.isdigit()
# result = name.isalpha()
# phone_number = input("输入你的手机号码: ")
# result = phone_number.count("-")
# phone_number = phone_number.replace("-", " ")
 
# print(phone_number)
 
# 帮助验证用户输入
# 1. 用户名不超过12个字符
# 2. 用户名不能包含空格
# 3. 用户名不能包含数字
 
username = input("输入用户名: ")
 
if len(username) > 12:
    print("你的用户名不能超过12个字符")
elif not username.find(" ") == -1:
    print("你的用户名不能包含空格")
elif not username.isalpha():
    print("你的用户名不能包含数字")
else:
    print(f"欢迎 {username}")

credit_number = "1234-5678-9012-3456"
 
print(credit_number[0])
print(credit_number[:4])
print(credit_number[5:9])
print(credit_number[5:])
print(credit_number[-1])
print(credit_number[::3])
 
last_digits = credit_number[-4:]
print(f"XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-{last_digits}")
 
credit_number = credit_number[::-1]
print(credit_number)

price1 = 3.14159
price2 = -987.65
price3 = 12.34
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:.2f}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:.2f}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:.2f}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:10}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:10}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:10}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:010}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:010}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:010}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:<10}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:<10}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:<10}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:>10}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:>10}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:>10}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:^10}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:^10}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:^10}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:+}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:+}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:+}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:+,.2f}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:+,.2f}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:+,.2f}")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1: }")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2: }")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3: }")
 
print(f"价格 1 是 ${price1:,}")
print(f"价格 2 是 ${price2:,}")
print(f"价格 3 是 ${price3:,}")

name = input("输入你的名字: ")
 
while name == "":
    print("你没有输入你的名字")
    name = input("输入你的名字: ")
 
print(f"你好 {name}")

age = int(input("输入你的年龄: "))
 
while age < 0:
    print("年龄不能为负数")
    age = int(input("输入你的年龄: "))
 
print(f"你 {age} 岁了")

food = input("输入你喜欢的食物(输入 q 退出): ")
 
while not food == "q":
    print(f"你喜欢 {food}")
    food = input("输入另一个食物(输入 q 退出): ")
 
print("再见")

num = int(input("输入一个 1 到 10 之间的数字: "))
 
while num < 1 or num > 10:
    print(f"{num} 不在有效范围内")
    num = int(input("输入一个 1 到 10 之间的数字: "))
 
print(f"你选择的数字是 {num}")

for x in range(1, 11):
    print(x)

for x in reversed(range(1, 11)):
    print(x)
 
print("新年快乐!")

for x in range(1, 11, 2):
    print(x)

credit_card = "1234-5678-9012-3456"
 
for x in credit_card:
    print(x)

for x in range(1, 21):
    if x == 13:
        continue
    else:
        print(x)

for x in range(1, 21):
    if x == 13:
        break
    else:
        print(x)

for x in range(3):
    for y in range(1, 10):
        print(y, end="")
    print()

rows = int(input("输入行数: "))
columns = int(input("输入列数: "))
symbol = input("输入要使用的符号: ")
 
for x in range(rows):
    for y in range(columns):
        print(symbol, end="")
    print()

# 列表
fruits = ["苹果", "橙子", "香蕉", "椰子"]
 
# print(fruits[0])
# print(fruits[:3])
# print(fruits[::2])
# print(fruits[::-1])
 
# for fruit in fruits:
#     print(fruit)
 
# print(dir(fruits))
# print(help(fruits))
# print(len(fruits))
 
# print("苹果" in fruits)
 
# fruits[0] = "菠萝"
# fruits.append("菠萝")
# fruits.remove("苹果")
# fruits.insert(0, "菠萝")
# fruits.sort()
# fruits.reverse()
# fruits.clear()
# print(fruits.index("苹果"))
# print(fruits.count("香蕉"))

# 集合
fruits = {"苹果", "橙子", "香蕉", "椰子"}
# print(fruits)
 
# print(dir(fruits))
# print(help(fruits))
# print(len(fruits))
# print("菠萝" in fruits)
 
# fruits.add("菠萝")
# fruits.remove("苹果")
# fruits.pop()
# fruits.clear()

# 元组
fruits = ("苹果", "橙子", "香蕉", "椰子", "椰子")
 
# print(dir(fruits))
# print(help(fruits))
# print(len(fruits))
# print("菠萝" in fruits)
# print(fruits.index("苹果"))
# print(fruits.count("椰子"))
 
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

foods = []
prices = []
total = 0
 
while True:
    food = input("输入食物购买(输入 q 退出): ")
    if food.lower() == "q":
        break
    else:
        price = float(input(f"输入 {food} 的价格: $"))
        foods.append(food)
        prices.append(price)
 
print("----- 你的购物车 -----")
 
for food in foods:
    print(food, end=" ")
 
print()
 
for price in prices:
    print(f"${price}", end=" ")
 
print()
 
for price in prices:
    total += price
 
print(f"你的总价是: ${total}")

fruits = ["苹果", "橙子", "香蕉", "椰子"]
vegetables = ["芹菜", "胡萝卜", "土豆"]
meats = ["鸡肉", "鱼肉", "火鸡"]
 
groceries = [fruits, vegetables, meats]
 
print(groceries)
print(groceries[0])
print(groceries[0][0])
 
for collection in groceries:
    for food in collection:
        print(food, end=" ")
    print()

num_pad = ((1, 2, 3),
           (4, 5, 6),
           (7, 8, 9),
           ("*", 0, "#"))
 
for row in num_pad:
    for num in row:
        print(num, end=" ")
    print()

capitals = {"美国": "华盛顿特区",
            "印度": "新德里",
            "中国": "北京",
            "俄罗斯": "莫斯科"}
 
# print(dir(capitals))
# print(help(capitals))
# print(capitals.get("日本"))
 
# if capitals.get("俄罗斯"):
#     print("该首都存在")
# else:
#     print("该首都不存在")
 
# capitals.update({"德国":"柏林"})
# capitals.update({"美国":"底特律"})
# capitals.pop("中国")
# capitals.popitem()
# capitals.clear()
 
# keys = capitals.keys()
# for key in capitals.keys():
#     print(key)
 
# values = capitals.values()
# for value in capitals.values():
#     print(value)
 
items = capitals.items()
for key, value in capitals.items():
    print(f"{key}: {value}")

import random
 
# low = 1
# high = 100
 
# number = random.randint(low, high)
# number = random.random()
 
# options = ("石头", "剪刀", "布")
# option = random.choice(options)
 
# cards = ["2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "A"]
 
# random.shuffle(cards)
 
# print(cards)

import random
 
lowest_num = 1
highest_num = 100
answer = random.randint(lowest_num, highest_num)
guesses = 0
is_running = True
 
print("Python 数字猜谜游戏")
print(f"在 {lowest_num} 和 {highest_num} 之间选择一个数字")
 
while is_running:
 
    guess = input("输入你的猜测: ")
 
    if guess.isdigit():
        guess = int(guess)
        guesses += 1
 
        if guess < lowest_num or guess > highest_num:
            print("该数字超出范围")
            print(f"请在 {lowest_num} 和 {highest_num} 之间选择一个数字")
        elif guess < answer:
            print("太低了!再试一次!")
        elif guess > answer:
            print("太高了!再试一次!")
        else:
            print(f"正确!答案是 {answer}")
            print(f"猜测次数: {guesses}")
            is_running = False
    else:
        print("无效猜测")
        print(f"请在 {lowest_num} 和 {highest_num} 之间选择一个数字")

import random
 
options = ("石头", "剪刀", "布")
running = True
 
while running:
 
    player = None
    computer = random.choice(options)
 
    while player not in options:
        player = input("输入选择(石头, 剪刀, 布): ")
 
    print(f"玩家: {player}")
    print(f"电脑: {computer}")
 
    if player == computer:
        print("平局!")
    elif player == "石头" and computer == "剪刀":
        print("你赢了!")
    elif player == "剪刀" and computer == "布":
        print("你赢了!")
    elif player == "布" and computer == "石头":
        print("你赢了!")
    else:
        print("你输了!")
 
    if not input("再玩一次?(y/n): ").lower() == "y":
        running = False
 
print("感谢游戏!")

def happy_birthday(name, age):
    print(f"生日快乐给 {name}!")
    print(f"你 {age} 岁了!")
    print("生日快乐给你!")
    print()
 
happy_birthday("Bro", 20)
happy_birthday("Steve", 30)
happy_birthday("Joe", 40)

def add(x, y):
    z = x + y
    return z
 
def subtract(x, y):
    z = x - y
    return z
 
def multiply(x, y):
    z = x * y
    return z
 
def divide(x, y):
    z = x / y
    return z
 
print(add(1, 2))
print(subtract(1, 2))
print(multiply(1, 2))
print(divide(1, 2))

def create_name(first, last):
    first = first.capitalize()
    last = last.capitalize()
    return first + " " + last
 
full_name = create_name("spongebob", "squarepants")
 
print(full_name)

import time
 
def net_price(list_price, discount=0, tax=0.05):
    return list_price * (1 - discount) * (1 + tax)
 
# print(net_price(500))
# print(net_price(500, 0.1))
print(net_price(500, 0.1, 0))

def count(end, start=0):
    for x in range(start, end + 1):
        print(x)
        time.sleep(1)
    print("完成!")
 
count(30, 15)

def hello(greeting, title, first, last):
    print(f"{greeting} {title}{first} {last}")
 
hello("你好", title="先生.", last="代码", first="Bro")

for number in range(1, 11):
    print(number, end=" ")

def get_phone(country, area, first, last):
    return f"{country}-{area}-{first}-{last}"
 
phone_num = get_phone(country=1, area=123, first=456, last=7890)

def add(*args):
    total = 0
    for arg in args:
        total += arg
    return total
 
print(add(1, 2, 3, 4))

def display_name(*args):
    print(f"你好", end=" ")
    for arg in args:
        print(arg, end=" ")
 
display_name("Dr.", "Spongebob", "Harold", "Squarepants", "III")

def print_address(**kwargs):
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key:12} {value}")
 
print_address(街道="123 假街",
              公寓="100",
              城市="底特律",
              州="MI",
              邮编="54321")

def shipping_label(*args, **kwargs):
    for arg in args:
        print(arg, end=" ")
    print()
 
    # for value in kwargs.values():
    #     print(value, end=" ")
 
    if "公寓" in kwargs:
        print(f"{kwargs.get('街道')} {kwargs.get('公寓')}")
    elif "邮政信箱" in kwargs:
        print(f"{kwargs.get('邮政信箱')}")
    else:
        print(f"{kwargs.get('街道')}")
 
    print(f"{kwargs.get('城市')}, {kwargs.get('州')} {kwargs.get('邮编')}")
 
shipping_label("Dr.", "Spongebob", "Squarepants",
               街道="123 假街",
               邮政信箱="PO box #1001",
               城市="底特律",
               州="MI",
               邮编="54321")

# 常规 for 循环
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 
for num in my_list:
    print(num)

# 使用迭代器
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
my_iterator = iter(my_list)
 
print(next(my_iterator))
print(next(my_iterator))
print(next(my_iterator))
print(next(my_iterator))
print(next(my_iterator))

# 无限迭代器
my_numbers = iter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
 
for num in my_numbers:
    print(num)

word = "APPLE"
 
letter = input("猜测集合中的一个字母: ")
 
if letter in word:
    print(f"有一个 {letter}")
else:
    print(f"{letter} 未找到")

students = {"海绵宝宝", "派大星", "章鱼哥"}
 
student = input("输入学生姓名: ")
 
if student in students:
    print(f"{student} 在这个班级")
else:
    print(f"{student} 不在这个班级")

grades = {"海绵宝宝": "C",
          "派大星": "F",
          "章鱼哥": "D"}
 
student = input("输入学生姓名: ")
 
if student in grades:
    print(f"{student} 的成绩是 {grades[student]}")
else:
    print(f"{student} 未找到在成绩单中")

email = "BroCode@gmail.com"
 
if "@" in email and "." in email:
    print("有效邮箱")
else:
    print("无效邮箱")

# doubles = []
# for x in range(1, 11):
#     doubles.append(x * 2)
# print(doubles)
 
doubles = [x * 2 for x in range(1, 11)]
triples = [y * 3 for y in range(1, 11)]
squares = [z * z for z in range(1, 11)]

# fruits = ["苹果", "橙子", "香蕉", "椰子"]
# fruits = [fruit.upper() for fruit in fruits]
# fruit_chars = [fruit[0] for fruit in fruits]
 
numbers = [1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6, 8, -7]
positive_nums = [num for num in numbers if num >= 0]
negative_nums = [num for num in numbers if num < 0]
even_nums = [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 0]
odd_nums = [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 1]
 
print(positive_nums)
print(negative_nums)
print(even_nums)
print(odd_nums)

grades = [85, 42, 79, 90, 56, 61, 30]
passing_grades = [grade for grade in grades if grade >= 60]
 
print(passing_grades)

def day_of_week(day):
    match day:
        case 1:
            return "星期一"
        case 2:
            return "星期二"
        case 3:
            return "星期三"
        case 4:
            return "星期四"
        case 5:
            return "星期五"
        case 6:
            return "星期六"
        case 7:
            return "星期日"
        case _:
            return "不是有效的日期"
 
print(day_of_week(1))
print(day_of_week(2))

def is_weekend(day):
    match day:
        case "星期六" | "星期日":
            return True
        case "星期一" | "星期二" | "星期三" | "星期四" | "星期五":
            return False
        case _:
            return False
 
print(is_weekend("星期六"))

# import messages as msg # 别名
# from messages import hello, bye # 单独导入
 
import messages
 
messages.hello()
messages.bye()

# 示例 example.py
def hello():
    print("吃了吗?")
def bye():
    print("回见!")

# 导入示例
import example
 
example.hello()
example.bye()

from math import e
 
x = 1 # 全局
 
def func1():
    x = 2 # 封闭
    print(x) # 2
 
    def func2():
        x = 3 # 局部
        print(x) # 3
    func2()
 
func1()
print(x)
print(e)

# Python 文件可以作为可重用模块或独立程序
 
# __name__ = 一个特殊变量,如果程序是主程序则设置为 '__main__'
 
# 例如 if __name__ == '__main__':
 
# 这将使我们决定运行一个模块是否,或导入它
 
def main():
    print("你好")
    print("再见")
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import time
 
# print(time.ctime(0)) # 将时间转换为字符串
# print(time.time()) # 返回自纪元以来的当前秒数
# print(time.ctime(time.time())) # 返回当前时间
 
time_object = time.localtime() # 返回当前时间对象
# time_object = time.gmtime()
local_time = time.strftime("%B %d %Y %H:%M:%S", time_object)
print(local_time)
 
time_string = "20 April, 2020"
time_object = time.strptime(time_string, "%d %B, %Y")
print(time_object)
 
# (年, 月, 日, 小时, 分钟, 秒, 周中第几天, 年中第几天, dst)
time_tuple = (2020, 4, 20, 4, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0)
time_string = time.asctime(time_tuple)
# time_string = time.mktime(time_tuple)
print(time_string)

import threading
import time
 
def eat_breakfast():
    time.sleep(3)
    print("你吃了早餐")
 
def drink_coffee():
    time.sleep(4)
    print("你喝了咖啡")
 
def study():
    time.sleep(5)
    print("你学习了")
 
x = threading.Thread(target=eat_breakfast, args=())
x.start()
 
y = threading.Thread(target=drink_coffee, args=())
y.start()
 
z = threading.Thread(target=study, args=())
z.start()
 
# eat_breakfast()
# drink_coffee()
# study()
 
x.join()
y.join()
z.join()
 
print(threading.active_count())
print(threading.enumerate())
print(time.perf_counter())

import threading
import time
 
def timer():
    print()
    count = 0
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        count += 1
        print("已登录: ", count, "秒")
 
x = threading.Thread(target=timer, daemon=True)
x.start()
 
# x.setDaemon(True)
# print(x.isDaemon())
 
answer = input("你想退出吗?")

from multiprocessing import Process, cpu_count
import time
 
def counter(num):
    count = 0
    while count < num:
        count += 1
 
def main():
 
    print(cpu_count())
 
    a = Process(target=counter, args=(500000000,))
    b = Process(target=counter, args=(500000000,))
 
    a.start()
    b.start()
 
    print("正在处理...")
 
    a.join()
    b.join()
 
    print("完成!")
    print("完成时间:", time.perf_counter(), "秒")
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

def loud(text):
    return text.upper()
 
def quiet(text):
    return text.lower()
 
def hello(func):
    text = func("你好")
    print(text)
 
hello(loud)
hello(quiet)

def loud(text):
    return text.upper()
 
def quiet(text):
    return text.lower()
 
def hello(func):
    text = func("你好")
    print(text)
 
hello(loud)
hello(quiet)

def divisor(x):
    def dividend(y):
        return y / x
    return dividend
 
divide = divisor(2)
print(divide(10))

# def double(x):
#     return x * 2
 
double = lambda x: x * 2
multiply = lambda x, y: x * y
add = lambda x, y, z: x + y + z
full_name = lambda first_name, last_name: first_name + " " + last_name
age_check = lambda age: True if age >= 18 else False
 
print(double(5))
print(multiply(5, 6))
print(add(5, 6, 7))
print(full_name("海绵", "宝宝"))
print(age_check(18))

# students = ["章鱼哥", "海绵宝宝", "派大星", "珊迪"]
 
# students.sort(reverse=True)
 
# for i in students:
#     print(i)
 
# sorted_students = sorted(students, reverse=True)
 
# for i in sorted_students:
#     print(i)

students = [("章鱼哥", "F", 60),
            ("海绵宝宝", "A", 33),
            ("派大星", "D", 36),
            ("珊迪", "B", 21)]
 
grade = lambda grades: grades[1]
# students.sort(key=grade, reverse=True)
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=grade)
 
for i in sorted_students:
    print(i)

students = (("章鱼哥", "F", 60),
            ("海绵宝宝", "A", 33),
            ("派大星", "D", 36),
            ("珊迪", "B", 21))
 
age = lambda ages: ages[2]
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=age)
 
for i in sorted_students:
    print(i)

store = [("衬衫", 20.00),
         ("裤子", 25.00),
         ("夹克", 50.00),
         ("袜子", 10.00)]
 
to_euros = lambda data: (data[0], data[1] * 0.82)
to_dollars = lambda data: (data[0], data[1] / 0.82)
 
store_euros = list(map(to_euros, store))
store_dollars = list(map(to_dollars, store))
 
for i in store_euros:
    print(i)

friends = [("Rachel", 19),
           ("Monica", 18),
           ("Phoebe", 17),
           ("Joey", 14),
           ("Chandler", 21),
           ("Ross", 21)]
 
age = lambda data: data[1] >= 18
 
drinking_buddies = list(filter(age, friends))
 
for i in drinking_buddies:
    print(i)

import functools
 
letters = ["H", "E", "L", "L", "O"]
word = functools.reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, letters)
print(word)

import functools
 
factorial = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
result = functools.reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, factorial)
print(result)

try:
    numerator = int(input("输入一个除数: "))
    denominator = int(input("输入一个除数: "))
    result = numerator / denominator
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(e)
    print("不能除以零傻瓜!")
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
    print("只输入数字傻瓜!")
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    print("出错了!")
else:
    print(result)
finally:
    print("这将始终执行")

import os
 
path = "/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/test"
 
if os.path.exists(path):
    print("该位置存在!")
    if os.path.isfile(path):
        print("那是一个文件")
    elif os.path.isdir(path):
        print("那是一个目录!")
else:
    print("该位置不存在!")

# txt = "Yo\nThis is some text\nHave a good one!\n"
 
# with open('/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/test.txt', 'w') as file:
#     file.write(txt)
#     print("已写入")

import json
 
employee = {
    "name": "海绵宝宝",
    "age": 30,
    "job": "厨师"
}
 
file_path = "/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/employee.json"
 
with open(file_path, 'w') as file:
    json.dump(employee, file, indent=4)
    print("已写入")

import csv
 
employees = [["Name", "Age", "Job"],
             ["海绵宝宝", "30", "厨师"],
             ["派大星", "35", "无业"],
             ["章鱼哥", "28", "收银员"]]
 
file_path = "/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/employees.csv"
 
with open(file_path, "w", newline="") as file:
    writer = csv.writer(file)
    for row in employees:
        writer.writerow(row)
    print("已写入")

# file_path = "/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/test.txt"
 
# with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
#     content = file.read()
#     print(content)

import json
 
file_path = "/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/employee.json"
 
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
    content = json.load(file)
    print(content["name"])

import csv
 
file_path = "/Users/yuuniji/Desktop/employees.csv"
 
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
    content = csv.reader(file)
    for line in content:
        print(line[0])

import datetime
 
date = datetime.date(2025, 1, 2)
today = datetime.date.today()
 
time = datetime.time(12, 30, 0)
now = datetime.datetime.now()
 
now = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S %m-%d-%Y")
 
print(now)
 
target_datetime = datetime.datetime(2030, 1, 2, 12, 30, 1)
current_datetime = datetime.datetime.now()
 
if target_datetime < current_datetime:
    print("目标日期已过")
else:
    print("目标日期还未到")

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
 
def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = QMainWindow()
    window.setGeometry(700, 300, 500, 500)
    window.setWindowTitle("Yuuniji 的 GUI")
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
 
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setGeometry(700, 300, 500, 500)
        
        label = QLabel("你好", self)
        label.setFont(QFont("Arial", 40))
        label.setGeometry(0, 0, 500, 100)
        label.setStyleSheet("color: #A23BEC;"
                            "background-color: #F3FF33;"
                            "font-weight: bold;"
                            "font-style: italic;"
                            "text-decoration: underline;")
        
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignTop)
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignBottom)
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignVCenter)
        
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignRight)
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignLeft)
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignHCenter)
        
        # label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignHCenter | Qt.AlignTop)
        label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
 
def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MainWindow()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()